hello,
1, no answer/no experience with RGBW strips, there's a option in Hyperion.NG to activate RGBW protocol.
2, there is no advantage but sometimes its nessecary to use a levelshifter. Why? because GPIO on a raspi only put out max 3.3volts on datalines when ledstrips wants to have 3.5volts to prefer. Some types of ledstrips don't fire without a "boost" most of them will run directly on SPI GPIO connected without anything fancy
that depends also of your PSU which have to be really clean and steady output of 5 volts.
3, a 5050 SMD led uses at full brightness 0.049 amps not 60. So your calculation is off. Ledstrip isn't loosing voltage because you can power it from both sides, with this setup the power is spreaded evenly. You are talking about 3mtr of 60L/mtr so calculation is 0,049 x 180 = 8,82 amps or 45 watts of power for ledstrip only
I recommend to use 1 PSU to power everything
4, its said already 4 line ledstrips runs better and more fluid then 3 line strips, but a levelshifter is only needed in some cases. If you need it you see that in flickering/off colours and not responding ledstrip. You can connect more channels than one on a levelshifter so data/clk is no problem to connect simultaneously
goodluck with your build man